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Understanding Painting Preparation: Facility Manager’s Guide to Preparing Painting Surfaces

Surface No Responses »
Sep 022010

Understanding Painting Preparation: Facility Manager’s Guide to Preparing Painting Surfaces

Proper painting surface preparation is one of the most critical factors to getting high quality results. It doesn’t matter whether the job is complete repainting of a 1,000,000 square foot warehouse complex or a simple touch up job in the gymnasium of a small elementary school. Proper surface prep sets the stage for success. Here are some tips for perfect surface prep that you can take care of, and a guide to the prep work that you should leave to your painting contractor.

Dry Painting Surface: You or Your Contractor

First and foremost, your painting surface should be dry. So long as safety permits, you can make life a lot easier for your painting contractor by drying the painting environment beforehand. Dehumidifiers and fans can be employed to speed air circulation. Mop up standing water if necessary to improve the safety of the project site.

Clean Painting Surface: You or Your Painting Contractor

Painting surfaces have to be thoroughly cleaned to ensure good paint adhesion. Your contractor will often include an estimate for prep work in a project bid. You may be able to perform some of the work and thus reduce the estimate; however, some tasks must be performed by a professional. Get rid of old flaky paint, sand down blisters and other imperfections.

IMPORTANT: You should consult with your painting contractor and determine if lead-based paints or other hazardous materials are present before cleaning the painting surface. If a hazardous material issue exists, the painting surface will need to be cleaned by a certified professional for safety reasons.

Sand or Blast Painting Surface: Your Painting Contractor

The actual sanding of the painting surface should be left to your painting contractor. Depending on the types of coating products that will be applied to the surface, the contractor may have specific manufacturer’s recommendations for sanding. Plus most painting contractors hold to a high standard for surface prep because it is such a huge component of a quality job.

Prime Painting Surface: Your Painting Contractor

After the drying cleaning and sanding, the painting surface is ready to be primed. A primer coat acts as the foundation for the coating. All subsequent layers of paint depend on the adhesion between the primer and the bare surface. Most painting contractors will insist on applying the primer coat to ensure that it is properly done and capable of producing a good finished product.

For more information and advice on preparing a surface for painting and coating, please contact a professional painting company.

Steve A. Parker, Sr. Estimator, RaiderPainting.com – the preferred painting contractor for building owners and facility managers of commercial and industrial properties nationwide. Call 877-724.3371 for a free Estimate. And check out the Raider Painting

Blog.

Read more at www.ohgizmo.com and www.microsoft.com

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What Do the Bible and Quran Say About the Outcome of the Rains?

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Sep 012010

What Do the Bible and Quran Say About the Outcome of the Rains?

The Outcome of the Rains in the Bible:

1) The Lord Commands:

2) I will command the clouds not to rain

3) I will send a plague among my people

4) I also withheld rain from you

5) I will rain down bread from heaven

I will command the clouds not to rain

Isaiah 5:6

I will make it a wasteland, neither pruned nor cultivated, and briers and thorns will grow there. I will command the clouds not to rain on it.”

Send a plague among my people

2 Chronicles 7:13

“When I shut up the heavens so that there is no rain, or command locusts to devour the land or send a plague among my people,

I also withheld rain from you

Amos 4:7

“I also withheld rain from you when the harvest was still three months away. I sent rain on one town, but withheld it from another. One field had rain; another had none and dried up.

I will rain down bread from heaven

Exodus 16:4

Then the LORD said to Moses, “I will rain down bread from heaven for you.

The Lord says: you have the brazen look of a prostitute; you refuse to blush with shame.

Jeremiah 3:3

Therefore the showers have been withheld, and no spring rains have fallen. Yet you have the brazen look of a prostitute; you refuse to blush with shame.

Say to the land, ‘You are a land that has had no rain

Ezekiel 22:24

“Son of man, say to the land, ‘You are a land that has had no rain or showers in the day of wrath.’

The Rain and Fire, Burn, destruction and the Lord’s anger

I will pour down torrents of rain, hailstones and burning sulfur on many nations! Why many nations?

Ezekiel 38:21-22

21- I will summon a sword against Gog on all my mountains, declares the Sovereign LORD. Every man’s sword will be against his brother.

22- I will execute judgment upon him with plague and bloodshed; I will pour down torrents of rain, hailstones and burning sulfur on him and on his troops and on the many nations with him.

Deuteronomy 11:17

Then the Lord’s anger will burn against you, and he will shut the heavens so that it will not rain and the ground will yield no produce, and you will soon perish from the good land the LORD is giving you.

Deuteronomy 28:24

The LORD will turn the rain of your country into dust and powder; it will come down from the skies until you are destroyed.

Luke 17:29

But the day Lot left Sodom, fire and sulfur rained down from heaven and destroyed them all.

Isaiah 28:2

See, the Lord has one who is powerful and strong. Like a hailstorm and a destructive wind, like a driving rain and a flooding downpour, he will throw it forcefully to the ground.

Ezekiel 13:13

“‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: In my wrath I will unleash a violent wind, and in my anger hailstones and torrents of rain will fall with destructive fury.

Rain down his blows upon him

Job 20:23

When he has filled his belly, God will vent his burning anger against him and rain down his blows upon him.

It fell with a great crash

Matthew 7:27

The rain came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell with a great crash.”

Without fruit

Jude 1:12

These men are blemishes at your love feasts, eating with you without the slightest qualm—shepherds who feed only themselves. They are clouds without rain, blown along by the wind; autumn trees, without fruit and uprooted—twice dead.

The Effects of the Rains on the Earth:

The rain made the trees grow

Isaiah 44:14

He cut down cedars, or perhaps took a cypress or oak. He let it grow among the trees of the forest, or planted a pine, and the rain made it grow.

Regular weeks of harvest

Jeremiah 5:24

They do not say to themselves, ‘Let us fear the LORD our God, who gives autumn and spring rains in season, who assures us of the regular weeks of harvest.’

Because there is no rain in the land; the farmers are dismayed and cover their heads.

Jeremiah 14:4

The ground is cracked because there is no rain in the land; the farmers are dismayed and cover their heads.

Land that drinks in the rain often falling on it

Hebrews 6:7

Land that drinks in the rain often falling on it and that produces a crop useful to those for whom it is farmed receives the blessing of God.

He gave them the grain of heaven.

Psalm 78:24

He rained down manna for the people to eat, he gave them the grain of heaven.

Let the clouds shower it down. Let the earth open wide

Isaiah 45:8

“You heavens above rain down righteousness; let the clouds shower it down. Let the earth open wide, let salvation spring up, let righteousness grow with it; I, the LORD, have created it.

Send rain on the land you gave your people for an inheritance.

2 Chronicles 6:27

then hear from heaven and forgive the sin of your servants, your people Israel. Teach them the right way to live, and send rain on the land you gave your people for an inheritance.

He gave them the grain of heaven.

Psalm 78:24

He rained down manna for the people to eat; he gave them the grain of heaven.

Let the clouds shower it down. Let the earth open wide

Isaiah 45:8

“You heavens above rain down righteousness; let the clouds shower it down. Let the earth open wide, let salvation spring up, let righteousness grow with it; I, the LORD, have created it.

It yields seed for the sower and bread for the eater,

Isaiah 55:10

As the rain and the snow come down from heaven, and do not return to it without watering the earth and making it bud and flourish, so that it yields seed for the sower and bread for the eater,

Giving you rain from heaven and crops in their seasons

Acts 14:17

Yet he has not left himself without testimony: He has shown kindness by giving you rain from heaven and crops in their seasons; he provides you with plenty of food and fills your hearts with joy.”

The heavens gave rain, and the earth produced its crops.

James 5:18

Again he prayed, and the heavens gave rain, and the earth produced its crops.

The Fear and Terror

1 Samuel 12:18

Then Samuel called upon the LORD, and that same day the LORD sent thunder and rain. So all the people stood in fear of the Lord and of Samuel.

They built a fire and welcomed us all because it was raining

Acts 28:2

The islanders showed us unusual kindness. They built a fire and welcomed us all because it was raining and cold.

Be patient

James 5:7

[Patience in Suffering] Be patient, then, brothers, until the Lord’s coming. See how the farmer waits for the land to yield its valuable crop and how patient he is for the autumn and spring rains.

These men have power to shut up the sky so that it will not rain during the time

Revelation 11:6

These men have power to shut up the sky so that it will not rain during the time they are prophesying; and they have power to turn the waters into blood and to strike the earth with every kind of plague as often as they want.

Tender plants

Deuteronomy 32:2

Let my teaching fall like rain and my words descend like dew, like showers on new grass, like abundant rain on tender plants.

Rained meat

Psalm 78:27

He rained meat down on them like dust, flying birds like sand on the seashore.

Honor is not fitting for a fool

Proverbs 26:1

Like snow in summer or rain in harvest, honor is not fitting for a fool.

Driving rain that leaves no crops

Proverbs 28:3

A ruler who oppresses the poor is like a driving rain that leaves no crops.

North wind brings rain

Proverbs 25:23

As a north wind brings rain, so a sly tongue brings angry looks.

The Outcome of the Rains in the Quran:

The Rain is a great blessing.

Surah 50:9

And we send down from the sky rain charted with blessing, and we produce therewith gardens and grain for harvests;

The Rain has certain measure.

Surah 13:17

SHAKIR: he sends down water from the cloud, then watercourses flow (with water) according to their measure, and the torrent bears along the swelling foam, and from what they melt in the fire for the sake of making ornaments or apparatus arises a scum like it; thus does Allah compare truth and falsehood; then as for the scum, it passes away as a worthless thing; and as for that which profits the people, it tarries in the earth; thus does Allah set forth parables

Surah 39:21

do you not see that Allah sends down water from the cloud, then makes it go along in the earth in springs, then brings forth therewith herbage of various colors, then it withers so that you see it becoming yellow, then he makes it a thing crushed and broken into pieces? most surely there is a reminder in this for the men of understanding

The Rain is for Drink and Plant formation

Surah 16:10

He it is Who sends down water from the cloud for you; it gives drink, and by it (grow) the trees upon which you pasture

The Rain makes the Earth Green

Surah 22:63

Do you not see that Allah sends down water from the cloud so the earth becomes green? Surely Allah is benignant, aware

The Rain Produces Plants, Fruits, and Trees etc.

Surah 2:22

Who made the earth a resting place for you and the heaven a canopy and (Who) sends down rain from the cloud then brings forth with it subsistence for you of the fruits; therefore do not set up rivals to Allah while you know

Surah 6:66

And He it is Who sends down water from the cloud, then we bring forth with it buds of all (plants), then we bring forth from it green (foliage) from which we produce grain piled up (in the ear); and of the palm-tree, of the sheaths of it, come forth clusters (of dates) within reach, and gardens of grapes and olives and pomegranates, alike and unlike; behold the fruit of it when it yields the fruit and the ripening of it; most surely there are signs in this for a people who believe

Surah 14:32

Allah is He Who created the heavens and the earth and sent down water from the clouds, then brought forth with it fruits as a sustenance for you, and he has made the ships subservient to you, that they might run their course in the sea by his command, and he has made the rivers subservient to you

Surah 20:53

He Who has, made for you the earth like a carpet spread out; has enabled you to go about therein by roads (and channels); and has sent down water from the sky.” with it have we produced diverse pairs of plants each separate from the others.

Surah 27:60

Nay, He Who created the heavens and the earth, and sent down for you water from the cloud; then we cause to grow thereby beautiful gardens; it is not possible for you that you should make the trees thereof to grow. is there a god with Allah? nay! they are people who deviate

Surah 31:10

He created the heavens without pillars as you see them, and put mountains upon the earth lest it might convulse with you, and he spread in it animals of every kind; and we sent down water from the cloud, then caused to grow therein (vegetation) of every noble kind

Surah 35:27

Do you not see that Allah sends down water from the cloud, then we bring forth therewith fruits of various colors; and in the mountains are streaks, white and red, of various hues and (others) intensely black?

The Rain gives life to the Dead Earth; this is for people who would listen and understand.

Surah 16:65

And Allah has sent down water from the cloud and therewith given life to the earth after its death; most surely there is a sign in this for a people who would listen

Surah 29:63

And if you ask them who is it that sends down water from the clouds, then gives life to the earth with it after its death, they will certainly say, allah. say: all praise is due to Allah. nay, most of them do not understand

Surah 30:24

And one of his signs is that he shows you the lightning for fear and for hope, and sends down water from the clouds then gives life therewith to the earth after its death; most surely there are signs in this for a people who understand.

Allah is capable to give life to the Dead, the same way as the Rain gives life to the Dead Earth! You may notice that the Quran always makes link between the scientific facts and the religious notions. You may also notice that the Quran always reminds us with the Revival of the Dead, the Afterlife and the Day of Judgment.

These meaning are not found in the Bible.

Surah 43:11

And he who sends down water from the cloud according to a measure, then we raise to life thereby a dead country, even thus shall you be brought forth;

Back to the main issue of my series of articles (1-36); this is my question to you smart readers: “Is the Quran quoted from the Bible “?

Professor Dr. Ibrahim Khalil

Prof. of Clinical and Chemical Pathology,

Head of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control Unit,

Ain-Shams University. Cairo, Egypt.

And,

President of the Egyptian Society of Inventors.

Member of the Egyptian union of Writers

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Advice for the Big and Tall Male to Upgrade His Look in Comfortable Attire

Tall No Responses »
Aug 312010

Advice for the Big and Tall Male to Upgrade His Look in Comfortable Attire

Big and tall clothes aren’t always the most stylish, while smaller clothes never seem to fit right. But, it is possible to be a big or tall man (or both)and still dress and look stylish. To find out how, keep reading.

Skip the Too-Big and Baggy Look

Fabric that flaps and sways in the wind is rarely attractive. Now, imagine six and-a-half feet of that fabric draping and hanging. To avoid looking like a tall drape or curtain, stay away from clothing that’s too baggy. Instead, stick with clothes that fit.

It’s very common, particularly for tall men, to simply buy the biggest size they can find, hoping that it will be long enough. Stay believing that and you’ll be wearing moo-moos for the rest of your life.

Don’t Wear it Too Tight

Unfortunately, too tight is just as bad, if not worse, as too baggy. On the tall man, clothing that is too snug will make his height and slim frame more pronounced. On the big and tall man, the very same type of clothing will accentuate all the features that he wants to downplay. Instead, choose clothes that fit.

Opt for Horizontal Lines or Plaids

On a tall man, vertical lines act as an elongation device, extending his torso and making him appear taller and larger than he already is. Tall men should look for shirts with small plaids and horizontal stripes, unless you’re a big and tall man. In that case, avoid horizontal stripes and instead stick to tiny patterns and dark colors.

Wear a High Rise Pant

Unless you’re buying your pants in a specialty height store, you should always be buying high-rise pants. Big and tall men often have problems with the crotch of their pants being too short or too small. Avoid all that uncomfortable bunching and twisting by buying pants with a higher rise that fits you through the crotch.

Double Check the Break of Your Pants

The break of your pants is where the bottom hits your shoe. Ideally, your pants should fall loosely and easily on to your shoe, without revealing your ankles or socks. You may find that when you sit down, your pants will rise up, but this is common for everyone.

Choose a Flat-Fronted Pant

Particularly if you’re big and tall, pleated trousers will only accentuate any extra weight around the midsection. Instead, opt for a flat front trouser as an essential element of your big and tall clothes closet. These are also a good fit for tall men in general as pleats can actually elongate the leg, making a man appear even taller.

Tall men or those who are larger are frequently self-conscious about their height and weight. For those who would like to de-emphasize those features as part of their overall appearance, it is important to be cautious concerning the types and fit of clothing they wear. Gentlemen who learn to do this well look great.

For great information on clothing and styles for women and men, please visit clothingappareltips.com, a popular site offering overviews on apparel options, such as Carhartt Jeans, big men’s clothes, and many more!

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Types of Job Interview Questions

Question No Responses »
Aug 302010

Types of Job Interview Questions

The list of possible interview questions can be quite large and overwhelming. Fortunately, there are only really five different types of interview questions. This structure helps put these questions into a manageable framework. The five different types of interview questions:

1. Resume-Related Questions (You Questions)

2. Qualifications for Job Questions

3. Behavioral Questions

4. Case Interview Questions

5. Personality Questions

Resume- Related Questions (You Questions)

This group of questions can be described as “You” questions because they tend to center around what “you” have done. Sample Interview questions could include:

• Tell me about yourself?

• What did you major in at college?

• What did you do in this position?

The main focus of these questions is to try to find out whether your resume information is accurate and whether you have exaggerated or been modest about your credentials. This is most often done by asking questions based on the information shown in your resume.

Job Qualification Questions

These questions will be generated mainly from the job description and may overlap somewhat with Resume-Related questions. They are designed to see if you have the experience or qualifications for the position at a general level. They will ask you sample interview questions like:

• Have you ever managed a team before?

• Do you have any experience with conflict resolution?

• Have you ever given a presentation to external customers?

Behavioral Questions

These questions try to specifically determine whether you have the appropriate level of experience or qualifications for the position. They tend to go deeper than Job Qualification Questions by having you provide answers based on your prior work experience. These questions provide you with a basic problem scenario and expect you to be able to answer it based on a prior work experience example. Sample Interview questions could include:

• Tell me about a time you used your conflict resolution skills?

• Tell me about a project where you implemented a process improvement idea?

• Give me an example of a time you failed to complete a project on time and how you went about correcting the issue?

These questions can take on the form of a positive or a negative and so it is a good idea to have thought out ahead of time examples that you will want to use. It is also a good idea to try to identify before hand what are likely to be the skills they will base their behavioral questions on. For example, a salesman might expect to get behavioral questions based presentation skills. One such question could be give me a time when you gave a successful presentation to a client or for customer service skills, tell me about a time when you used your customer service skills to help keep an upset customer with the company.

Case Interview Questions

These types of questions tend to be tailored toward client focused positions like consulting and sales. They essentially involve providing you with a list of facts surrounding a company problem and ask you how to address the issue. Depending on the position, this may include doing things like performing mathematical computations or creating presentation aids. Regardless of the position, you can expect to have to present your findings and answer follow-up questions.

The purpose of these types of interview questions is to see how you think, whether you can perform under a stressful situation and, determine whether your personality is a good fit for the team. These interview questions usually are conducted on a one on one basis; however, you can also answer these questions as part of a group as a way for some companies to judge your interpersonal skills.

Personality Questions

These types of questions usually take on two forms. One form is a formal standard test that asks you a lot of questions about what types of things you prefer or would choose to do based on a list of options. The second form of personality questions are the informal type that can occur anywhere in the interview process and are geared towards determining if you are a good personality fit for the position. Sample interview questions could include:

• What was the score of the Cowboys game last night?

• What did you think of the last episode of American Idol?

The purpose of these questions is to see if you are well rounded enough to be able to talk to a prospective client about a general topic like American Football or a popular television show.

By getting a basic familiarity of these types of sample interview questions, you will help reduce your overall learning curve. Although interview questions tend to get most of the attention in other interviewing guides and books, you should instead divide your focus between all aspects of the interview process. By having a more comprehensive outlook on the interview process, you will tend to have better results by appearing more well-rounded and professional to your interviewers throughout the entire interview process.

Mark McCormick is a former HR staffing member and veteran of many interviews as both an interviewer and a job seeker. To find out more interview tips and techniques, click here: http://www.interviewquestionsandanswers.org/Job-Interview-Tips.html or
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Computer Runs Slowly – Speed Up Computer With Tips

Slowly No Responses »
Aug 292010

Computer Runs Slowly – Speed Up Computer With Tips

Have ever been annoying on your computer which runs slowly and slowly? You might be wondering how to make your computer run faster with any complex operation. As a matter of fact, there are various ways solving this problem. Follow the special tips below if your computer runs slowly.

1.Optimize your RAM usage rate. All of the programs in your computer are required RAM to support. The Windows system also needs RAM to calculate bulk of data. In the “Advanced Options”, you can set to optimize processor and memory preferentially. If your computer runs slowly, the system can put memory and CPU ahead of programs which are good for speeding up the computer.

2.Clean up the temporary files and history records on Internet Explorer. While you are loading the websites, there are many temporary files and records on the Internet Explorer. It may take you a lot of time to visit the websites. That means you have to delete all the temporary files to free up disk space and clean up the IE history records regularly while your computer runs slowly.

3.Erase Windows registry errors. Windows operating system is made up of registry. If the computer registry becomes corrupt, it can cause lot of problems for the computer system. Obviously, the computer runs slowly is definitely related to the registry errors. Uninstall a common program can generate void registry keys which can slow down your PC dramatically. In order to speed up the computer running, it is strongly recommended you to fix the registry errors by removing the invalid registry and empty registry entries.

Are you tired of using a slow computer? Do you want to effectively speed up your computer with ease? Take it easy. Click here to download and boost your Windows system performance with the best PC maintenance software. Your pc will run smoothly as the new one.

Janson makes it easy to clean up your PC and regain lost performance. He shares a lot of experience about his experience. And the computer users can know many tips about computer maintenance through his articles.

Video clips from ONCE set to the song “Falling Slowly.”
Video Rating: 4 / 5

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Country Club India Franchise Clubs – The Widening Network

Country No Responses »
Aug 282010

Country Club India Franchise Clubs – The Widening Network

The Country Club India network of clubs is known all around with its members as the most accessible and reachable clubbing facility. The best feature that country club India member’s recognize is the number of own clubs and the country club India franchise clubs that provide the best service for the country club India members. These country club India franchise clubs are situated in almost all the states and regions in our country.  These country club India franchise clubs have their presence starting from Jammu and Kashmir to Kodaikanal.

With the provision from country club India franchise clubs, Jammu and Kashmir offers different exquisite hotels and resorts for the country club India member’s. Country Club Heevan Resort – Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Country Club Heevan Retreat – Gulmarg, Jammu and Kashmir. Country Club Hotel Heevan– Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir. Country Club Pine & Peak Resort – Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir. Th4e beauty of the Jammu and Kashmir is totally enjoyed by the country club India members with the help of the country club India franchise clubs in Jammu and Kashmir. The natural beauty that comprises the awesome snow capped mountains in Himachal Pradesh can be enjoyed by the country club members via country club India franchise clubs in shimla and Manali. Country Club Orchard Green – Manali. Country Club De Vivendi Resorts – Manali. Country Club Galleu Hill Resort – Shimla. Country Club River Country Resort – Manali. Country Club Sirmour Retreat – Sirmur District, Himachal Pradesh. Country Club Snow Valley Resort – Manali. Country club India franchise clubs also provides its clubs in Assam and Haryana too for the member’s pleasure.

Country club India franchise clubs are also a perfect destination in Goa as it has eight classy getaways naming  The Country Club Aldiea Bello Resort – Goa. The Country Club Alegria De Goa Resort – Goa. The Country Club Beira mar Alfran Resort – Goa. The Country Club Leoney Resort – Goa. The Country Club Lotus Inn Resort – Goa. The Country Club Maizons Lake View Resort – Goa. The Country Club Resorte De Tio Carmino – Goa. Country Club Roma Gardens – Pen, Mumbai – Goa Highway.

Country club India franchise clubs provide more options for the members in the other cities like West Bengal, Uttarkhand, Tamilnadu,Silvassa,Rajasthan,Orissa,Madhya Pradesh, Mysore,Maharashtra,Kerala,Karnataka,Hyderabadand other parts ofAndhra Pradesh. Country club India franchise clubs are known for providing best facilities and luxury options for all the country club India members.

For More Information Please Visit:Country Club India Ltd.is the best network of clubs and resorts Country Club India Company profile,Country Club India Franchise Clubs,Country Club India Fractional Ownerships, Country Club India Member Testimonials, Country Club India Leader in Clubbing, Country Club India Press Room.Country Club Bangalore.

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Intresting golf courses in the world

Course No Responses »
Aug 272010

Intresting golf courses in the world

No grass and green
In the Coober Pedy, a southern town of Australia,there is a genuine “Saudi court,” or more accurate if called”mineral pitches”.Throughout the whole course,no plants or even a little green signs can be seen.In fact, basically the course is a huge sandy barrier, but oil have been mixed in the sand dry desert winds have long undermined the shape of the fairways and bunkers. Except hit their TaylorMade R9 460 Driver an additional task is that they will take a unreal straw mattress came from one hole to another hole for kick off.Opal mining is the primary industry here, most residents live in tunnels and caves avoid burning temperature on the surface.Therefore, courage and heat resistance will be needed if you play golf at Coober Pedy Opal Fields

 
The largest drop
Use of helicopters to play Taylormade TP Forged Iron set? Kidding! When the gap between tee and green is 430 meters, you will understand it is essential.The world’s largest 3-hole drop is in the Legends of Golf in South Africa Hunting Legends Golf and Safari Resort, known as the “ultimate 19th hole.” You must stand firmly when you kick off TaylorMade R7 CGB MAX Driver because close to the edge of the Peak. Allegedly, the ball flight in the air close to 30 seconds. This hole probably is the most profitable, because one time you need to pay 1060 U.S. dollars for helicopters, commemorative hat and gloves and DVD, at the same time you can get the astronomical bonuses. Who will be lucky enough?

 
The longest course
1365 km long, acrosses Australia’s two states and two time zones, is it a city we discussed here?No, we are talking about a golf course.Nullarbor Links is the world’s longest one, the average distance between each hole is 66 kilometers, the farthest two holes apart near 200 km. Here you not only need a good kick-off of TaylorMade R9 Driver, also need a good driver, lead you in a number of inter-town shuttle. Take a good rest at night in the hotel then the next day continue the next hole.Although the court has not yet opened, but the official website provide a reference for playing time is 4 days.

 
steam vapor course
There is golf course where it is barren because of dry climate,but across the Tasman Sea, when came to New Zealand, there are courses wreaths of steam vapor. Rotorua is New Zealand’s hot spring town,located in the the famous volcano geothermal center of southern hemisphere, Rotorua Golf Club is the world’s only golf course in the geothermal activity center. Braved the bubble lakes, mud pools and steam vents are significant, let the ball is easy to get lost, you have to be vigilant. Remember,here accuracy is more important than length. 

 
World’s highest golf course
About the there are different opinions, but Bolivia’s La Paz Golf Club should be the strongest candidate, because it is open to all, rather than only for secret adventure. Many time of the year when the clouds seem to float around the fairway, and green will be covered with snow and ice and lack of oxygen because it is with altitude, of 10,800 feet. La Paz Club is also the best 18-hole golf (TaylorMade R9 Driver )course of Bolivia that attracted the local elite, and any brave not afraid of nose bleeding.

From: http://www.golfselling.com

Originally uploaded for Corbin, but now it seems have become pretty popular with over 150k Views.
Video Rating: 4 / 5

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Term Papers: Writing on Sociology

Writing No Responses »
Aug 262010

Term Papers: Writing on Sociology

Are you unclear on where to begin on writing term papers on sociology? Not well versed enough with the subject matter at hand? If history is a lesson which would teach us to emulate the great leaders of yesteryear and learn from their mistakes, we have to take the first step, which is to learn.

Researching the internet, reviewing professional publications and texts from your local library will not help you much if you do not wish to learn. Writing term papers on sociology comes naturally to those who are knowledgeable with their chosen subject matter and the topic at hand.

Writing about an individual or a group of people requires simply an analytical approach and review of the biography of the person(s) involved. Another idea is to review a professionally published and write a critical analysis on it. Researching published facts and writing a review will prove to be an easy task for any American student.

Term papers “http://www.flashpapers.com” on sociology can be about theories developed and recorded by experts. Most courses on sociology require that the students compile a study based on previously published articles, books, journals, etc. Using the concepts published therein and testing them on present settings and situations. An in-depth analysis of the concepts first and the situation to be reviewed second, lead to a great written report.

All the ideas listed above are only a general indication of the requirements of this course in relation to various principles, disciplines, development peculiarities and a number of sociological issues.

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Past Life Regression Techniques

Past No Responses »
Aug 252010

Past Life Regression Techniques

Past life regression techniques include different proficiencies such as hypnotic techniques and non-hypnotic techniques for recalling the past lives. When individuals approach a PLR (past life regression) therapist, the therapist may use any of the techniques in which they have obtained certification.

In certain past life regression techniques, therapists perform hypnotism on the individuals. It includes the condition in which individuals slip into altered state of mind and consciousness. In this stage, therapists take a particular subject, which is bothering individuals in their present lives. There are two techniques in hypnotism method.

Past Life Regression Technique 1:

In this method, therapists take individuals in hypnotism state as described above. However, in this method, therapists may create or set up an atmosphere so that individuals go back in their past lifetime. In this state, therapists take any particular subject and root it in the mind of individuals by giving constant prompting.

Therapists inquire about the subject in such a way that individuals reach relaxation levels. In this state of sub-consciousness, therapists try to access the past life memories.

After reaching the desired level of consciousness, the subject is then lapsed gradually to the in-utero stage wherein individuals recall flashes of their inter-life conditions, and their past lives memories glitter in the awareness of subject. As a result, individuals describe those memories verbally.

Cause-Effect Or Karma:

Second type of past life regression techniques in hypnotism includes cause-effect method. This method follows the principle of karma (principle of existing, causes and effects). Some therapists believe that, whatever individuals do in past lives, their effects are directly seen in present lives. Thus, if people do something good in their past life, they do not usually encounter problems in their present life.

Therapists consider the birth time, date, and state of the individuals to obtain information about their past life. In short, an individual’s past creates a pertinent effect on the present physical, emotional, spiritual or mental health. For instance, therapists say if past vows, promises, decisions or thoughts remain unfulfilled, then they may create adverse effects on the individual’s present life.

Non-Hypnotic Method:

In non-hypnotic techniques or bridge techniques, intense emotions, words, visions, phrases or physical sensations may instantly bridge conflicts of the present life to the past.
Here, individuals automatically slip into consciousness without having to undergo the formal transition state.

Thus, past life regression techniques help to identify root of problems and this helps to clear unwarranted fears and overcome present life difficulties.

Past Life Regression Training:

Past life regression training helps people whose memories haunt them. Past lives exist in the memories of people. When human soul restores to life, the traumatic memories recreate keeping individuals from living peacefully. They return to conscious awareness due to many factors such as depression, anxiety, obsessions, panic attacks, anger, physical pain that is beyond explanation, nightmare and phobias.

Past life regression training offers individuals to look beyond illusions and confusions of life. It proves beneficial in bringing about past life healing that resounds in present life.

Objective:

Past life regression training helps the emotional experiences or unconscious mind to become conscious completely. Main objective of past life regression training is to resolve the unconscious scripts based on survival, which affect negatively on a person’s health, lifestyle and behavior.

Training Methodology:

Past life regression training in the initial four days makes individuals familiar with how past lives work. Training workshops complete the training for the remaining four days.

While having an insight of any individual’s past, past life regression training covers a wide range of topics as below:

1.It asks directive questions for exploring the past life.
2.Imagery subject to guidance regarding past lives.
3.Past life regression training deals with the experience of death.
4.Identification of shut down points.
5.This program helps to recognize and overcome attachments at the time of death.
6.Past life regression training uses techniques for avoiding any diversion when it explores past lives.
7.It integrates the soul fragments of its clients.
8.It aims at finding techniques so there is forgiveness and reconciliation in the realms of the spirit.
9.Past life regression training uses mediation methods along with the use of guides and spirit helpers.
10.The purpose of such training workshops is to finish the work that was left undone in past life.

Body Therapy:

Here, regression therapists explore and transform present life memory of individuals. The body therapy works with the body patterns. The therapists interview clients so they recollect past memories.

Regression Therapy:

Past life regression training covers past life of an individual, which includes covering memories from recent life too. It resolves the disputes related to past life, which distort an individual’s emotional, physical and mental well-being in recent life.

The training program goes deep into finding the root cause disturbing an individual’s life. Past life regression training heals a person from within and helps to attain emotional, physical and spiritual relief.

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Lagos an Overpopulated State: a Case of Continous Spatial Restructuring and Interaction

State No Responses »
Aug 242010

Lagos an Overpopulated State: a Case of Continous Spatial Restructuring and Interaction

LAGOS

Introduction

Lagos State was created on May 27, 1967 by virtue of State (Creation and Transitional Provisions) Decree No. 14 of 1967, which restructured Nigeria’s Federation into 12 states. Prior to this, Lagos Municipality had been administered by the Federal Government through the Federal Ministry of Lagos Affairs as the regional authority, while the Lagos City Council (LCC) governed the City of Lagos. Equally, the metropolitan areas (Colony Province) of Ikeja, Agege, Mushin, Ikorodu, Epe and Badagry were administered by the Western Region.

Lagos state is located in latitude 6035’N, and Longitude 3045’E . with a population of over 14million people but official 2006 census suggest that Lagos population is 9,013,534. The main urban centres in the State are Badagry, Epe, Ikorodu, Ikeja and Lagos. The urbanisation process that has taken place in Lagos has been of such significance in the State and in Nigeria as a whole that it should receive special attention.

Although not European in origin, Lagos represents most spectacularly one of that class of Nigerian cities whose growth and development have been significantly shaped by European influ ences. Starting from a small settlement made by the Awori (a subgroup of the Yorubas), first at EbuteMetta and later (for defence reasons) at iddo, probably in the early part of the 17th century, the settlement of Lagos existed rather quietly up to the end of the 18th century.

Lagos has witness continous restructuting due to increased population. Therefore the paper focus on the various demenssion of spatial restructuring that have occurred , the reasons or what informed such restructuring , the effect and possible solution.

Overpopulation is a condition when an organism’s numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its ecological niche. In common parlance, the term usually refers to the relationship between the human population and its environment, the Earth.

Overpopulation is not simply a function of the size or density of the population. Overpopulation can be determined using the ratio of population to available resources

2.0 SPATIAL RESTRUCTURING

Perhaps before we look at spatial restructuring which is a funstion of economic geography and change we should define economic geography which is the study the (locational, organizational and behavioral) principles and processes associated with the spatial allocation of scarce (human, man-made and natural) resources (which are also distributed spatially) and the spatial patterns and (direct and indirect, social, environmental and economic) consequences resulting from such allocations.”

Spatial restructuring is a concept that talks about change in spatial structure i.e. Change in spatial distribution e.g. population densities, Change in spatial interaction pattern, e.g. migration patterns) and Regional economic development: e.g. Changes in income, employment, human welfare, quality of life. And the factors are related to

• Locational (dis-)advantages & locational change,

• Spatial interaction stimuli and

• Economic development conditions & events:

e.g.

• Natural resource endowment,

• Human resources (skills, education),

• Employment structure,

• Organizational, institutional & political factors,

• Access to capital, technology & entrepreneurship,

• Trade, migration (e.g. “brain gain” or “brain drain”)

The two dimension to the spatial restructuring of lagos are Population and structural change.

2.1 POPULATION CHANGE

Population change is the growth or decline in population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals in a population per unit time. The term population change can technically refer to any species, but almost always refers to humans, and it is often used informally for the more specific demographic term population change rate.

Growth rate= (+)/ population

Going by all indication that would be presented later on there has been population growth in lagos state due to so many factors known as the pull factors, A pull factor is a feature or event that attracts a person to move to another area, and they include:

1. More or better services in that area : it is a general notion that lagos state provides the best service interms of social, and economic activities, in otherwords Lagos is bothe the social and economic nerve of Nigeria, and as such people tend to move into Lagos to enjoy these dervices provided by the state but it should be noted that other emerging cities are Porth-harcourt, Calabar, Warri and Abuja the capital city.

2. Higher standards of living

3. Higher income

4. Peace (absence of civil strife or warfare): lagos is regarded as a No-Man-Land although this statement is not True as the original Inhabitant of Lagos known as the indegenes are still present but the statement is born out of the relatively peacefull nature of lagos compared to other area where u have religious crisis, ethnic crisis, fight for succession etc. everybody for his/her self.

5. Better behavior among the people (lower crime rates and higher moral standards) : this is fact is as stated above

6. More desirable climate: this is one of the factor the ajudge to the norteheners migrants where there climate is relatively harsh.

7. Immediate distance from family problems: sure when people move away from the villages in Nigeria, they are disconnected from there immediate family but the idea of social network in Africa comes in later on and as such it does not exist for long.

8. Economic stability and less risk of loss of wealth

9. Cultural diversity: Lagos is a home for every body, people from different background, culturally and economically are found in Lagos and as such gives room for sociall and cultural in tegration.

10. Religious or political tolerance (living in a more liberal or less repressive state or country) : a sure bet in Lagos state because both Muslims and Christians are found there and it gives room for every one to practice his/her rligion without fear or favour.

Lagos state been filled with an migrants from almost all the state in Nigeria in search for employment due to it commercial nature; Ajegunle is an area in Lagos, Located in the North-eastern flank of Lagos State the former administrative and commercial city in Nigeria in Ajeromi/Ifelodun Local Government Area/Post Express 1998: Appendix 7) Majority of the migrants provided labour for the industries in Lagos until the economic decline in the 80*s due to the crash in global oil prices. These area did not have a comprehensive planning, rather it was a product of a spontaneous urban sprawl of that time. Human settlements in the area could be traced back into the 50*s as Lagos became s strategic commercial city in the West African sub-region. This are in Lagos has suffered severe social exclusion from the socio-economic life of the city of Lagos. The residents in Lagos Ajegunle area were spurred under these circumstances to develop an informal means of interaction considering the fact that they all faced the problem of socio-economic and ecological decline. Crime was very high, building designs very defective no waste management policy, social life was virtually limited within residents and they were more isolated from the rest of the society. All these causes ageing population and environmental degradation. Population growth as it has been define be as a result of increased birth rate, decrease mortality, and increased immigration.

2.2 STRUCTURE CHANGE

Population, Structure and Distribution: Estimates by the United Nations and the Lagos State Regional Master Plan put the state’s current population at about 10.6 million inhabitants. However, the 1991 census of Nigeria puts the population of Lagos State at 5,685,781 or 6.42 per cent of the national total.

The figure still makes Lagos State the most populous state in the Federation. With its area of 3,577 sq. km. the smallest in the country, the state’s population density of 1,590 persons per sq. km. is therefore high. The density value for builtup metropolitan Lagos, estimated at 20,000 persons per sq. km. is even higher still. A 1988 estimate indicates that the population of Lagos State had been growing at an annual rate of 8 percent in the urban areas and 3 percent in the rural areas.

Obviously, the urban growth rate has been enhanced by inmigration. However, in view of the movement of the Federal Government to Abuja in December 1991, the growth rates are like ly to have begun to decrease, or to increase at a decreasing rate.

The most populous LGA in the state is Ojo with 17.8 percent of the 1991 population, closely followed by Mushin together with Oshodi/lsolo (17.4 percent) and Lagos Mainland/Surulere (15.3 percent). While the least populated LGA is IbejuLekki (0.4. per cent); the other LGAs occupy various positions in between.

Urbanisation and Human Settlement System: The main urban centres in the State are Badagry, Epe, Ikorodu, Ikeja and Lagos. The urbanisation process that has taken place in Lagos has been of such significance in the State and in Nigeria as a whole that it should receive special attention.

Although not European in origin, Lagos represents most spectacularly one of that class of Nigerian cities whose growth and development have been significantly shaped by European influ ences. Starting from a small settlement made by the Awori (a subgroup of the Yorubas), first at EbuteMetta and later (for defence reasons) at iddo, probably in the early part of the 17th century, the settlement of Lagos existed rather quietly up to the end of the 18th century.

From 1821 onwards, it became an important slave port on the West African coast. Important turning points in the subsequent growth of Lagos include the bombardment of the city by the British in 1851, with the purpose of ousting the slavetrade inclined King Kosoko and restoring Akintoye as King of Lagos; the resulting aban donment of the city by the civilian population and the slow growth thereafter; the formal cession of Lagos as a Colony to Britain in 1861; and the sub sequent establishment of regular government and administration of justice.

Then followed piecemeal addition of hinterland areas to ensure political and commercial stability; the subsequent growth in com merce and the development of communications cuminating in the founding of the Lagos Chambers of Commerce in 1897. The construction of the railway started in 1895 and harbour improvement followed (19081917). The volume of trade has continued to grow over the years.

Subsequently, various public programmes relating to industrial development, swamp reclamation and mosquito campaigns, pipe borne water, transportation facilities, commercial activities and the city’s increasing functions as the capital of the Federation accelerated the growth of Lagos into the greatest single concentration of skills and disposable income in the country. By 1963, the city (the Municipality of Lagos), made up of such components as Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland, Ikoyi and Victoria Island, Apapa and other areas had an official population figure of 665,246.

However, the geographic city beyond the boundaries of the Municipality was much larger. The spectacular road development works since the 1970s (the construction of the Eko Bridge, the reconstruction of Ikorodu Road into a 10lane dual carriage way, the construction of the Third Mainland Bridge, the ApapaOworonshoki Expressway, the LagosBadagry Expressway, the Abeokuta Expressway, the Victoria lslandEpe road as well as the interconnecting roads that link them into elabo rate circumferential route ways and circulation paths have been both responses to and catalysts of the explosive growth of metropolitan Lagos.

The process of urbanisation still continues in Lagos and with it comes various problems concern ing administration, land acquisition, housing and rents, sanitation, transportation, water supply and crime. These issues are brought to the attention of the public continually through the news media, and they remain endemic subjects of governmental pol icy and programmes.

The settlement system in Lagos state is obvi ously dominated by metropolitan Lagos which incorporates not less than 16 of the 20 local government areas (LGAs): Agege, Ajeromilfelodun, AmuwoOdofin, Alimosho, Apapa, EtiOsa, lfako ljaye, Ikeja, Kosofe, Lagos Island, Lagos Mainland, Mushin, Oshodilsolo, Somolu, Surulere and part of Ojo.

In each of the four remaining LGAs, there is typically a focal town surrounded by numerous lowerorder settlements and village communities. In Badagry LGA, the focal town is the ancient settlement of Badagry which was a major slave out post in precolonial times and is reputed as being the first place in Nigeria where Christianity was preached in 1842.

There are about 120 other com munities and villages in the LGA including Ajara, Topo, Panko, Akarakumo, Aseri, Egun and others. The situation in Epe LGA is similar, the focal town being Epe. The other settlements are about 311, including Agbowalkosi, ltoiki, Ejirin, Onisawasawa, Ubuja, lpabodo and numerous others.

IbejuLekki LGA has as the main town, not the local govern ment headquarters which is Akodo but a more developed small town, Ibeju. Distributed irregularly around and between these two are about 153 other village communities, including Lekki, Magbon Alade and others. Finally, Ikorodu LGA has as its focal town the local government headquarters, Ikorodu, which is a veritable commercial city in its own right.

Being the location of the transmitters for the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, the Voice of Nigeria and Lagos State Broadcasting Corporation (Radio and Television), it is an important communication centre as well as a major gate way to the country’s hinterland.

There are about 260 other settlements in the LGA, including lgbogbo, Imota, Maya, Baiyeku, ljede, Majidun, Ajegunie, Agbede, Aguru, Odugunyan and others. These four LGAs Badagry, Epe, IbejuLekki and Ikorodu contain virtually the totality of rural areas in Lagos State.

Table 1.0

Population Growth Rate

Year 1975 1999 2000 2015 1999-2000 2000-2015

Pop/million 3.3 12.8 13.4 23.2 5.6 3.7

United Nations population division(1999)

Table 2.0 PLACES IN LAGOS STATE

Name What Region Country Lat Long Elev Ft. Pop Est

Abagbo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4083333 3.3822222 114 115628

Abekkun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4083333 3.3822222 114 115628

Abule Ijesha

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5247222 3.3863889 121 774734

Abule-Nla

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4830556 3.3741667 118 580705

Adeleye

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6147222 3.2655556 144 553058

Agala

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4152778 3.3694444 114 73624

Agani

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4833333 3.35 118 580705

Aganni

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4833333 3.35 118 580705

Agbede

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6688889 3.4897222 160 259436

Agbelekale

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6402778 3.2869444 147 722763

Agboju

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4577778 3.2875 118 5177

Agboyi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5786111 3.4108333 121 929196

Agege

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6219444 3.3258333 137 751549

Agidingbi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6236111 3.3536111 137 931774

Aguda

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6347222 3.3544444 137 1032556

Agun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6044444 3.2705556 144 553058

Aiyetoro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4591667 3.3425 118 580705

Aiyetoto-Asogun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4538889 3.2511111 118 5177

Ajegunle

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6061111 3.2825 141 553058

Ajegunle

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4488889 3.3369444 114 247815

Akangba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5 3.35 118 580705

Akinogun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6 3.2833333 141 553058

Akinyele

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6066667 3.2644444 144 553058

Akowonjo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6122222 3.3147222 137 751549

Alagba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.62 3.3022222 141 751549

Alagbede

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4833333 3.3666667 118 580705

Alaguntan

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4219444 3.4925 121 113728

Alaiyabiagba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.45 3.3333333 114 106257

Alapako

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4497222 3.2936111 118 106257

Alasia

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4333333 3.4 114 245287

Aliayabiagba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.45 3.3333333 114 106257

Alimosho

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6108333 3.2961111 141 751549

Alimoso

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6108333 3.2961111 141 751549

Amuwo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4730556 3.2980556 118 307463

Animashawun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4833333 3.35 118 580705

Animshaun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4833333 3.35 118 580705

Apapa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4455556 3.3591667 114 247815

Apapa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4333333 3.4166667 118 156357

Apapa Eleko

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4333333 3.4166667 118 156357

Aqani

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4833333 3.35 118 580705

Arida

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5611111 3.2694444 134 352691

Asipa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5827778 3.2552778 137 352691

Atan

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5994444 3.2522222 141 553058

Awja-Ikoradu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6027778 3.4911111 127 808742

Badagri

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4166667 2.8833333 118 23583

Badagry

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4166667 2.8833333 118 23583

Bamgbose

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.45 3.45 118 156357

Bamgboshe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.45 3.45 118 156357

Bariga

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.535 3.3947222 121 774734

Baruwa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6033333 3.2725 141 553058

Bassa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4241667 3.2558333 114 5177

Beshi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4122222 3.2561111 114 0

Beshi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5530556 3.4741667 124 623381

Bolorunpelu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5452778 3.2730556 131 352691

Cardoso

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5827778 3.2686111 137 352691

Coker

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4738889 3.3311111 118 307463

Coker

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6402778 3.3313889 141 1048141

Ebute Ikorodu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6027778 3.4911111 127 808742

Ebute-Egga

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6027778 3.4911111 127 808742

Ebute-Metta

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4897222 3.3844444 118 591962

Egba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6475 3.3030556 147 1048141

Egbe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5438889 3.2797222 127 352691

Ejigbo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5522222 3.3072222 127 449144

Eko

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4530556 3.3958333 114 245287

Ekoro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6452778 3.2908333 147 722763

Elachi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4147222 3.2838889 114 0

Eregun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6008333 3.3644444 131 931774

Erukan

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6061111 3.3961111 127 1111094

Erunkan

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6061111 3.3961111 127 1111094

Ewu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5591667 3.3233333 127 449144

Fatade

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5980556 3.2677778 141 553058

Gbesse

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5530556 3.4741667 124 623381

George

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6286111 3.3480556 137 1032556

Hausa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6108333 3.3561111 134 931774

Ibasa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4241667 3.2558333 114 5177

Ibasha

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4241667 3.2558333 114 5177

Ibese

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4122222 3.2561111 114 0

Ibese

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5530556 3.4741667 124 623381

Ibeshe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4122222 3.2561111 114 0

Ibeshe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5530556 3.4741667 124 623381

Ibeshi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5530556 3.4741667 124 623381

Iddo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4697222 3.3802778 114 591962

Idi Oro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5225 3.36 121 730396

Idimi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5719444 3.2844444 137 352691

Idimu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5719444 3.2844444 137 352691

Idowu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5747222 3.2591667 137 352691

Ifako

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6436111 3.3288889 141 1048141

Igando

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.55 3.25 134 352691

Iganmu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4844444 3.3658333 118 580705

Iganmu Siding

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4844444 3.3658333 118 580705

Igbo Ejo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4241667 3.3541667 114 247815

Igbobi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5225 3.3716667 121 730396

Igbogila

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6072222 3.2588889 144 553058

Igbologun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4183333 3.3319444 114 106257

Ijaiye

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6644444 3.2872222 150 722763

Ijaiye

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6327778 3.3413889 137 1032556

Ijegun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5172222 3.2566667 127 175581

Ijero

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4819444 3.3802778 118 591962

Ijesa-Tedo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4944444 3.3266667 118 307463

Ijora

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4663889 3.3766667 118 591962

Iju

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.675 3.3327778 147 739466

Iju Junction

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.66 3.3222222 144 1048141

Iju Water Works

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.675 3.3327778 147 739466

Ikeja

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5966667 3.3430556 134 931774

Ikotan

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5458333 3.2677778 131 352691

Ikotun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5458333 3.2677778 131 352691

Ikoyi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4530556 3.4355556 118 156357

Ikuata

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4155556 3.3652778 114 73624

Ilasa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4147222 3.2838889 114 0

Ilashe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4147222 3.2838889 114 0

Ilemere

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5411111 3.4855556 124 370874

Imore

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4241667 3.2830556 114 5177

Inogbe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4083333 3.3466667 114 73624

Ipaja

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6105556 3.2558333 144 553058

Iponri

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4875 3.3661111 118 580705

Isagatedo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5266667 3.3258333 124 420843

Isasi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6688889 3.3783333 137 433417

Isasi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5508333 3.4755556 124 623381

Iseri-Osun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5188889 3.2777778 124 175581

Ishaga

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5266667 3.3258333 124 420843

Isheri-Olofin

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5752778 3.2813889 137 352691

Ishersi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6688889 3.3783333 137 433417

Isolo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5316667 3.3230556 124 420843

Isunba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4425 3.2866667 114 5177

Itire

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5083333 3.3422222 121 730396

Iwaya

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5041667 3.3919444 118 774734

Jibowu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6594444 3.2986111 150 1048141

Kirikiri

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4425 3.3102778 114 106257

Lagos

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4530556 3.3958333 114 245287

Lashe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4147222 3.2838889 114 0

Libowu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6594444 3.2986111 150 1048141

Logos

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4530556 3.3958333 114 245287

Magbon

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6255556 3.3141667 141 1048141

Makoko

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4961111 3.3877778 118 591962

Makoko

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4288889 3.4552778 118 156357

Maroko

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4288889 3.4552778 118 156357

Maryland

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5711111 3.3716667 127 822372

Meran

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6352778 3.2697222 147 722763

Moba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4505556 3.4708333 118 113728

Mobba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4505556 3.4708333 118 113728

Mofoluku

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.555 3.3333333 127 449144

Mosan

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6119444 3.2772222 144 553058

Mushin

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5291667 3.355 121 730396

Mushin Halt

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5291667 3.355 121 730396

New Lagos

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5027778 3.3641667 118 730396

Obalende

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4469444 3.4152778 114 245287

Obanikoro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5472222 3.3702778 124 822372

Oduwole

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5894444 3.2805556 137 553058

Ogogoro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4291667 3.3977778 114 245287

Ogoyo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.435 3.4877778 121 113728

Ogudu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5713889 3.3963889 124 929196

Ogunlogun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6819444 3.4680556 150 259436

Ojota

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5877778 3.3822222 127 1111094

Oke Ira

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4925 3.3708333 118 580705

Oke Ogbe

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4083333 3.3822222 114 115628

Okepa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4530556 3.4355556 118 156357

Oko Agbo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4083333 3.3822222 114 115628

Okun-Ibese

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4061111 3.2608333 114 0

Okunola

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5952778 3.2858333 137 553058

Olowoira

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6294444 3.3738889 134 1032556

Olute

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4555556 3.2733333 118 5177

Oluwa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4263889 3.3583333 114 247815

Omole

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6391667 3.3566667 137 1032556

Ondotedo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.415 3.3561111 114 73624

Onigbokun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4141667 3.3436111 114 73624

Onigbongbo

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5708333 3.365 127 822372

Onike

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5066667 3.3841667 118 774734

Onikosi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6005556 3.3836111 127 1111094

Onisigun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6013889 3.3913889 127 1111094

Onitiri

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5116667 3.3841667 118 774734

Opamore

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5858333 3.3813889 127 1111094

Orile Oshodi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.555 3.3436111 127 822372

Oruba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5786111 3.4108333 121 929196

Oruba Agboyi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5786111 3.4108333 121 929196

Oshodi

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5588889 3.3486111 124 822372

Oshosun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5891667 3.3738889 127 931774

Osorun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5522222 3.4855556 124 623381

Ososun

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6005556 3.3836111 127 1111094

Oto

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4725 3.3847222 118 591962

Oworonshoki

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5477778 3.4066667 121 929196

Oworonsoki

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5477778 3.4066667 121 929196

Sagisa

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6130556 3.3736111 131 931774

Shogunle

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5780556 3.3344444 127 822372

Shomolu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5402778 3.3716667 121 730396

Somolu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5402778 3.3716667 121 730396

Suru Lere

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5091667 3.3580556 118 730396

Tamaro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4158333 3.3658333 114 73624

Tarkwa Bay

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4027778 3.3941667 114 115628

Tarqua Bay

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4027778 3.3941667 114 115628

Tatala

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5091667 3.3855556 118 774734

Tinubu

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.5166667 3.3666667 121 730396

Wasimi Ojokoro

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.6622222 3.2952778 150 1048141

Yaba

city Lagos State Nigeria 6.4897222 3.3836111 118 591962

Source: Falling Rain Genomics, Inc.( 1996-2004)

The current data on shown below is an indication that there has been restructuring both population and structure change.

3.0 SPATIAL INTERACTION PERSPECTIVE IN LAGOS STATE.

Spatial interaction is the flow of products, people, services, or information among places, in response to localized supply and demand.

It is a transportation supply and demand relationship that is often expressed over a geographical space. Spatial interactions usually include a variety of movements such as travel, migration, transmission of information, journeys to work or shopping, retailing activities, or freight distribution.

Edward Ullman, perhaps the leading transportation geographer of the twentieth century, more formally addressed interaction as complementarity (a deficit of a good or product in one place and a surplus in another), transferability (possibility of transport of the good or product at a cost that the market will bear), and lack of intervening opportunities (where a similar good or product that is not available at a closer distance).

3.1 Complementarity

The first factor necessary for interaction to take pace is complementarity.

In order for trade to take place, there has to be a surplus of a desired product in one area and a shortage or demand for that same product in another area.

The greater the distance, between trip origin and trip destination, the less likelihood of a trip occurring and the lower the frequency of trips. An example of complementarity would be that you live in sango ota, Ogun state and want to go to silverbird Galleria in Lagos for vacation/ see a movie, which is located in Victoria Island, Lagos. In this example, the product of the journey is Victoria Island which is the destination while sango Ota is the source. In the same vein we have pwople moving from other part of Nigeria into lagos for various reason’s that have been mentioned above under the pull factor.

3.2 Transferability

The second factor necessary for interaction to take pace is transferability. In some cases, it is simply not feasible to transport certain goods (or people) a great distance because the transportation costs are too high in comparison to the price of the product.

In all other cases where the transportation costs are not out of line with price, we say that the product is transferable or that transferability exists.

This concept is totally in contrast to what happen in Lagos because long distance journey form the north where goods such as agricultural drosuce are transported to lagos for sale and eventual consumption, also people come from other areas like form the east and southern part for employment oppourtunities.

Using our Silverbird Galleriaand employment example, we need to know how many people are going, and the amount of time we have to do the trip (both travel time and time at the destination). If only one person is traveling to lagos state and they need to travel in the same day, then flying may be the most realistic option of transferability cost ranges between 7,000 – 15,0000 naira round-trip; however, most of them use road transport which will cost far lesser than the amount for air travel

As one can see, transferability can be accomplished by one of several different modes of transportation depending on the number of people, distance, the average cost to transport each person, and the time available for travel.

3.3 Lack of Intervening Opportunities

The third factor necessary for interaction to take place is the absence or lack of intervening opportunities. There may be a situation where complementarity exists between an area with a high demand for a product and several areas with a supply of that same product in excess of local demand.

In this particular case, the first area would be unlikely to trade with all three suppliers, but would instead trade with the supplier that was closest or least costly. In our example of the trip to lagos, “Is there any other destination identical to Victoria Island, providing an intervening opportunity between other states to lagos?” The obvious answer would be “no.” However, if the question was, “Is there any other area that will provide the same oppourtunity lagos provides for all comers in terms of education, economics and social life? The answer is NOI, similar to Lagos is may be Abuja, Port-Harcourth, Calabar, but not the same as Lagos, at least not to be compared to Lagos..

As you can see from this example, there are numerous factors that could affect complementarity, transferability, and lack of intervening opportunities

We have seen the cause / what will inform the spatial interaction with lagos and the spatial restructuring that has occurs let us look at the effect of these actions.

4.0 THE CONSEQUENCES OF RAPID POPULATION GROWTH

Rapid human population growth has a variety of consequences. Population grows fastest in the world’s poorest countries. High fertility rates have historically been strongly correlated with poverty, and high childhood mortality rates. Falling fertility rates are generally associated with improved standards of living, increased life expectancy, and lowered infant mortality. Overpopulation and poverty have long been associated with increased death, and disease. 25 People tightly packed into unsanitary housing are inordinately vulnerable to natural disasters and health problems which is a major in Lagos state.

However, most of the lagos 13million desperately poor people live in less developed areas. One in five lagos inhabitant reportedly lives below the country’s official poverty line The rapid expansion of population size observed since the days of the colonial masters has been a cause of various social vices.

Poverty is a condition of chronic deprivation and need at the family level. Poverty, is a major concern of humankind, because poverty everywhere reduces human beings to a low level of existence. Poor people lack access to enough land and income to meet basic needs. A lack of basic needs results in physical weak-ness and poor health. Poor health decreases the ability of the poor to work and put them deeper into poverty.

Instead of allowing poverty to persist, it is important to limit our number be-cause in dense populations too many lack adequate food, water, shelter, education and employment. High fertility, which has been traditionally associated with pros-perity, prestige, and security for the future, now jeopardizes chances for many to achieve health and security

Rich and poor cities alike are affected by population growth, though the population of industrial countries are growing more slowly than those of develop-ing one. At the present growth rates, the population of economically developed countries would double in 120 years. The Third World, with over three quarters of the world’s people, would double its numbers in about 33 years. This rapid dou-bling time reflects the fact that 37 percent of the developing world’s population is under the age of 15 and entering their most productive childbearing years. In the Third World countries (excluding China), 40 percent of the people are under 15; in some African countries, nearly half are in this age group.

Lagos current and projected population growth calls for an increase in efforts to meet the needs for food, water, health care, technology and education. In the poorest countries, massive efforts are needed to keep social and economic con-ditions from deteriorating further; any real advances in well-being and the quality of life are negated by further population growth. Many countries lack adequate supplies of basic materials needed to support their current population. Rapid population growth can affect both the overall quality of life and the degree of hu-man suffering on Earth.

5.0 THE WAY FORWARD

ACTIONS AND STRATEGIES THAT CAN BE DEVELOPED TO SOLVE THESE PROBLEMS

There is controversy over whether population growth is good or bad. Over-population and continuing population growth are making substantial contributions to the destruction of Earth’s life support systems. In the past, human populations have rarely been subject to explosion. In numbers. The powerful long-term mo-mentum that is built into the human age structure means that the effects of fertility changes become apparent only in the future. For these reasons, it is now conven-tional practice to use the technology of population projection as a means of better understanding the implications of trends.

Population projections represent the playing out into the future of a set of as-sumptions about future fertility and mortality rates. More public education is needed to develop more awareness about population issues. Facts like the size or the growth rate of the human population should be in the head of every citizen. Schools should inform students about population issues in order for them to make projections about the future generations.

Action plans and strategies can be developed to increase public understanding of how rapid population growth limits chances for meeting basic needs. The spirit of open communication, and empowerment of individual women and men will be key to a successful solution to many population problems. Collective vision about health care, family planning and women’s education at the community level build a basis for action. The creation of action plans help to meet challenges to find coop-erative solutions. Free and equal access to health care, family planning and educa-tion are desirable in their own right and will also help reduce unwanted fertility.

Individual choice, human rights and collective responsibility are key to al-lowing families to plan the size and spacing of their children. It is essential to achieve a balance between population and the available resources. Teachers, par-ents, community workers and other stakeholders should extend the range of choices about available resources to individuals, especially women, and by equal-izing opportunities between the genders from birth onwards.

Teachers, parents, other educators, politicians and other concerned citizens can practice how to make good decisions in everyday life. Decisions about family size, and resource will affect the future generations. Through commu-nity forums, specific issues about the population growth can be discussed and possible action plans can be developed.

Teachers, as well as students can use the information super highway to gain knowledge about other countries’ population and resources. Teachers can help students with problems and decision making on a daily basis. The investigation of world population will raise the level of awareness, so that we can learn to handle problems based on data. This data can help us to analyze our situations in a practical way.

Teachers, students, parents and other stakeholders can look for trends in the population explosion. They can hold community meetings at school to discuss how this issue presents a challenge to the big picture of human population on the planet “Earth”.

Above all we should

Once we recognize the fact that overpopulation is a problem and that increasing standards of living around the world will add to our resource-use and pollution-management challenges, it’s tempting to start thinking that disease, poverty, and premature death are unfortunate but necessary (as long as they happen to someone else, of course). We must resist any such temptation and work toward better solutions.

We should:

• continue to strive to reduce suffering by combating disease and poverty around the world;

• continue to improve resource efficiency and pollution control so that standards of living can rise without negative impact; and

• keep human population to numbers that are sustainable.

On the population front, that means:

• making sure people around the world have access to family planning services;

• empowering women in developing countries economically, socially, and legally in a manner that results in them having an equal say (with their husbands) in reproductive decisions;

• modifying school curricula to include information on population levels and implications for the future;

• reforming tax laws in a way that encourages couples to have no more than two children. (They would still be able to have as many kids as they want, but the tax code would no longer subsidize more than two.)

People are a good thing, but population growth without limit is not. The US and all developed countries should reinvigorate their international efforts to slow population growth.

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